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Decoding the Enigma: Jenny Wolkowicki and Her Impact
Introduction:
Are you intrigued by the name Jenny Wolkowicki? Perhaps you've stumbled upon her work online, heard whispers of her influence, or are simply curious about this intriguing figure. This comprehensive guide delves into the world of Jenny Wolkowicki, exploring her various endeavors and contributions. We'll dissect her impact across different fields, analyze her online presence, and explore the reasons behind her growing recognition. Whether you're a seasoned follower or a curious newcomer, this post will offer a valuable understanding of Jenny Wolkowicki's story and significance. Prepare to uncover the mysteries surrounding this multifaceted individual.
I. Unraveling Jenny Wolkowicki's Online Presence:
This section examines Jenny Wolkowicki's digital footprint. We will analyze her social media activity, website presence (if any), and online mentions to paint a picture of her public persona. Understanding her online presence is key to understanding her impact and reach. We will explore the platforms she utilizes, the kind of content she shares, and the overall tone and message she projects. This involves more than just a simple surface-level scan; it's about interpreting the nuances of her online communication style and deciphering her intended audience. We'll also touch upon the challenges of navigating online information and the importance of verifying sources when researching individuals online.
II. Analyzing Jenny Wolkowicki's Professional Activities (If Applicable):
Depending on the available public information, this section will meticulously explore Jenny Wolkowicki's professional endeavors. If she is associated with any specific industries or organizations, we'll examine her roles, responsibilities, and contributions. This might involve research into her work history, publications, or any noteworthy projects she has been involved in. The goal is to understand her professional trajectory and assess her impact within her chosen fields. This section will require careful fact-checking and verification to ensure accuracy and avoid misinformation.
III. Exploring the Reasons Behind Jenny Wolkowicki's Growing Recognition:
This part dissects the factors contributing to Jenny Wolkowicki's increasing visibility. Is it due to her professional accomplishments, unique personal brand, involvement in impactful projects, or perhaps a combination of these factors? We will attempt to pinpoint the key elements that have fueled her rise in recognition, whether organically or through targeted strategies. This analysis will include a consideration of current trends and societal factors that may have influenced her success. We'll also consider the role of media coverage and online promotion in shaping her public image.
IV. Assessing the Impact of Jenny Wolkowicki:
This section provides a comprehensive overview of Jenny Wolkowicki's overall impact. Based on the preceding analysis, we will offer a reasoned assessment of her contributions and significance. This may involve discussing her influence on a specific field, her positive impact on the community, or her overall contribution to society. This section will be nuanced and avoid hyperbole, presenting a balanced perspective based on available verifiable evidence.
V. Conclusion:
This section summarizes the key findings of the investigation into Jenny Wolkowicki, reinforcing the significant points discussed throughout the article. It will offer a final perspective on her impact and her role in the current landscape. We will also touch upon the importance of ethical research methods and the responsible dissemination of information about public figures.
Article Outline:
Title: Decoding the Enigma: Jenny Wolkowicki and Her Impact
Introduction: Hooking the reader and providing an overview.
Chapter 1: Unraveling Jenny Wolkowicki's Online Presence.
Chapter 2: Analyzing Jenny Wolkowicki's Professional Activities (If Applicable).
Chapter 3: Exploring the Reasons Behind Jenny Wolkowicki's Growing Recognition.
Chapter 4: Assessing the Impact of Jenny Wolkowicki.
Chapter 5: Conclusion: Summary and Final Thoughts.
FAQs: Answering common questions about Jenny Wolkowicki.
Related Articles: A list of relevant articles.
(The following sections would then expand on each chapter of the outline above, providing detailed content as described in the outline. Due to the lack of publicly available information on "Jenny Wolkowicki," this detailed expansion cannot be provided. The structure above, however, provides a robust framework for creating the full article once information about Jenny Wolkowicki is available.)
FAQs:
1. Who is Jenny Wolkowicki? (Answer would depend on available information)
2. What is Jenny Wolkowicki known for? (Answer would depend on available information)
3. Where can I find more information about Jenny Wolkowicki? (Answer would depend on available information, potentially directing to reputable sources)
4. What is Jenny Wolkowicki's profession? (Answer would depend on available information)
5. Is Jenny Wolkowicki active on social media? (Answer would depend on available information)
6. What is Jenny Wolkowicki's online presence like? (Answer would depend on available information)
7. Has Jenny Wolkowicki received any awards or recognition? (Answer would depend on available information)
8. What is Jenny Wolkowicki's impact on her field? (Answer would depend on available information)
9. How can I contact Jenny Wolkowicki? (Answer would depend on available information; respecting privacy is paramount.)
Related Articles:
(Note: Since there's no publicly available information on "Jenny Wolkowicki," these are hypothetical examples. Replace these with actual articles if information on Jenny Wolkowicki is available.)
1. The Power of Personal Branding in the Digital Age: Explores the strategies individuals use to build a strong online presence.
2. Building a Successful Online Portfolio: Guides individuals on creating a compelling digital portfolio to showcase their skills and achievements.
3. The Importance of Networking in Today's Job Market: Discusses the value of networking for career advancement.
4. How to Effectively Utilize Social Media for Professional Growth: Provides tips and strategies for leveraging social media platforms for career development.
5. The Role of Public Relations in Shaping Public Perception: Explores how PR influences the public's view of individuals and organizations.
6. Ethical Considerations in Online Research and Reporting: Focuses on responsible online research practices.
7. Strategies for Building a Strong Professional Reputation: Provides advice on creating a positive and credible professional image.
8. The Impact of Social Media on Career Success: Analyzes the influence of social media on career trajectory.
9. Navigating Online Privacy and Reputation Management: Offers guidance on protecting one's online privacy and managing their online reputation.
This detailed framework ensures a comprehensive and SEO-optimized blog post once relevant information regarding Jenny Wolkowicki is obtained. Remember to replace the hypothetical examples with real information to create a valuable and accurate piece.
| jenny wolkowicki: Supernovae Martin Mobberley, 2007-07-05 This book is intended for amateur astronomers who are readers of Sky & Telescope magazine or similar astronomy periodicals – or are at least at the same level of knowledge and enthusiasm. Supernovae represent the most violent stellar explosions in the universe. This is a unique guide to supernova facts, and it is also an observing/discovery guide, all in one package. Supernovae are often discovered by amateur astronomers, and the book describes the best strategies for discovering and observing them. Moreover, it contains detailed information about the probable physics of supernovae, a subject which even today is imperfectly understood. |
| jenny wolkowicki: Antimicrobial Drug Resistance Douglas Mayers, 2009-07-06 This ? rst edition of Antimicrobial Drug Resistance grew out of a desire by the editors and authors to have a comprehensive resource of information on antimicrobial drug resistance that encompassed the current information available for bacteria, fungi, protozoa and viruses. We believe that this information will be of value to clinicians, epidemiologists, microbiologists, virologists, parasitologists, public health authorities, medical students and fellows in training. We have endeavored to provide this information in a style which would be accessible to the broad community of persons who are concerned with the impact of drug resistance in our cl- ics and across the broader global communities. Antimicrobial Drug Resistance is divided into Volume 1 which has sections covering a general overview of drug resistance and mechanisms of drug resistance ? rst for classes of drugs and then by individual microbial agents including bacteria, fungi, protozoa and viruses. Volume 2 addresses clinical, epidemiologic and public health aspects of drug resistance along with an overview of the conduct and interpretation of speci? c drug resistance assays. Together, these two volumes offer a comprehensive source of information on drug resistance issues by the experts in each topic. |
| jenny wolkowicki: Essential Topology Martin D. Crossley, 2011-02-11 This book brings the most important aspects of modern topology within reach of a second-year undergraduate student. It successfully unites the most exciting aspects of modern topology with those that are most useful for research, leaving readers prepared and motivated for further study. Written from a thoroughly modern perspective, every topic is introduced with an explanation of why it is being studied, and a huge number of examples provide further motivation. The book is ideal for self-study and assumes only a familiarity with the notion of continuity and basic algebra. |
| jenny wolkowicki: Thyroid Function Testing Gregory A. Brent, 2010-04-06 Thyroid function tests are utilized by essentially all medical practitioners, across every clinical setting, in patients from newborns to the elderly. They are the most frequently measured endocrine tests. The sensitive thyrotropin (TSH) assay reflects thyroid hormone feedback to the pituitary, and is diagnostic of both thyroid h- mone excess as well as deficiency. The log–linear relationship between serum TSH and thyroxine concentrations means that small changes in serum thyroxine are amplified by changes in serum TSH. The availability of the sensitive TSH assay in essentially all clinical laboratories has improved and simplified the assessment of thyroid function for the diagnosis of thyroid disease and to monitor treatment. Serum free thyroxine and thyrotropin concentrations, as well as other thyroid tests, can be measured utilizing an automated immunoassay platform that provides rapid and accurate results. This simplified approach to thyroid assessment, often requ- ing only a serum TSH measurement, and rapid availability of the thyroid function tests results, has expanded the scope of thyroid testing and clinicians ordering and interpretingth yroid tests. There remain, however, many challenges in selecting the appropriate thyroid function test to order, the correct interpretation of results, and applying these results to the diagnosis and management of thyroid diseases. It is especially important to be aware of limitations of thyroid function tests, as well as special clinical c- cumstances that can influence thyroid function measurements. The serum TSH concentration, for example, may not accurately reflect thyroid status in many si- ations including after prolonged hyperthyroidism when serum TSH remains s- pressed for months, in the presence of hypothalamic or pituitary disease, or due to a number of interfering medications. The serum free thyroxine, measured by the analog method, is not accurate with high or low serum binding proteins and d- ing pregnancy. Hospitalized patients often have thyroid function test abnormalities that are transient and return to normal after recovery from the acute illness. Iodine excessand deficiency candramatically influence thyroid function tests. Significant insights have been gained into the regulation of thyroid hormone synthesis and especially the role of thyroid hormone metabolism in supplying t- sues locally with an adequate supply of thyroid hormone. In a number of instances, these factors influence the selection and interpretation of thyroid function tests. Polymorphisms, common sequence variations, in genes of components that regulate thyroid function and thyroid hormone action may also contribute to variability in thyroid function tests in a population. v vi Preface This volume draws on an outstanding international panel of experts in thyroid function tests and thyroid function assessment. They represent clinicians, clinical researchers, and basic science researchers, all with a focus on some aspect of the assessment of thyroid function. The chapters all provide a clinical perspective, but are informed by themost recent scientific advancements. The first section of the book (Chaps. 1–3) presents the most recent advances in thyroid physiology, a review of genetic influences on thyroid function tests, and a discussion on the influence of iodine on thyroid function. In Chap. 1, Drs. Huang and de Castro Neves describe thyroid hormone metabolism, emphasizing the key role of thyroid hormone activation and inactivation in thyroid hormone action. Dr. Visser is a world leader in studies of thyroid metabolism and genetic influences on thyroid function. In Chap. 2, Dr. Visser and his colleagues, Drs. van der Deure, Medici, and Peeters, provide a clear view of this important and r- idly expanding field. The population variation in the TSH “set point” (relationship between serum TSH and thyroxine in an individual), for example, is thought to be genetically determined, and influences the evaluation of thyroid function and thyroid function targets for treatment of thyroid disease. Dr. Zimmerman, an int- nationally recognized expert in iodine, and his colleague, Dr. Andersson, provide in Chap. 3 an in-depth treatment of the most significant influence on thyroid function throughout the world—iodine intake. The influence of iodine deficiency and excess on individual thyroid function is discussed, as well as the population effects on t- roid diseases and especially fetal and neonatalde velopment. The basics of thyroid function measurements, approaches, limitations, and cl- ical applications are described for the major categories of thyroid function tests (Chaps. 4–7). The authors of these chapters are innovators in the field, strongly id- tified with the origination or significant refinement of the core tests utilized in t- roid assessment. In Chap. 4, Dr. Hershman describes the measurement of TSH, the clinical application and utilization. This remains the cornerstone of thyroid testing, but must be interpreted with an understanding of the dynamics of thyroid regulation. An active controversy in thyroid measurement involves the appropriate use of serum thyroxine measurements and especially the value of the analog free thyroxine me- urement, the most commonly used thyroxine assay. In Chap. 5, Dr. Stockigt p- vides a detailed assessment of thyroxine and triiodothyronine measurements and a clear message for their use and limitations. The most common etiology of thyroid disease is autoimmune, and the appropriate use of thyroid autoantibody measu- ments remains confusing to many clinicians. In Chap. 6, Dr. Weetman and his c- league, Dr. Ajjan, clearly describe the range of thyroid autoantibody tests and how they should be utilized clinically. Thyroglobulin measurement is the key tumor marker to follow thyroid cancer patients and Dr. Spencer and her colleague, Ivana Petrovic, describe the essential features of this measurement in Chap. 7. It is ess- tial that clinicians using thyroglobulin measurements to monitor thyroid cancer are aware of the performance of the assay being used and the factors that can interfere with the measurement. Application of thyroid function testing to the key clinical settings is discussed by expert clinicians and clinical researchers in Chaps.8–13. The appropriate selec- Preface vii tion of thyroid function tests in the diagnosis and monitoring of thyroid disease in the ambulatory setting is discussed by Drs. Farwell and Leung in Chap. 8. This is the most common setting for thyroid function test measurement and a rational approach is described. Specific issues of thyroid function in infants and children are discussed in Chap. 9 by Drs. LaFranchi and Balogh. Screening for thyroid disease among newborns has been a highly effective approach to prevent mental retar- tion. The assessment of thyroid function in newborns, especially premature infants, is challenging as are the interpretation of thyroid function tests in infancy through childhood. Illness has a significant impact on thyroid function tests and assessment in this group is described by Drs. LoPresti and Patil in Chap. 10. A logical approach to these patients is provided as are ways to identify those patients with thyroid disease that need to be treated. Assessment of thyroid function in pregnancy is ch- lenging and is being increasing recognized as a crucial time to normalize maternal thyroid status. Adverse outcome for mother and her child can result from thyroid hormone deficiency or excess. In Chap.11, Drs. Lazarus, Soldin, and Evans ca- fully describe the use and limitations of thyroid tests in pregnancy and provide an approach to testing and monitoring thyroid function. The incidence of autoimmune thyroid disease increases significantly with age and in Chap. 12 Dr. Samuels p- vides a clear approach to the assessment of thyroid status in the elderly and interp- tation of thyroid studies. The influence of drugs on thyroid function testing remains a major clinical issue with recognition of an ever increasing list of medications that influence thyroid function and thyroid testing. In Chap. 13, Drs. Pearce and An- thakrishnan comprehensively describe these medications with a special emphasis on their mechanism of action and on iodine-containing medications. I am most grateful to my colleagues for their enthusiasm and willingness to p- vide such outstanding contributions to this book. The editorial team at Springer is excellent and has been highly supportive and effective. My special thanks to E- tor Laura Walsh, Associate Editor Dianne Wuori, Editorial Assistant Stacy Lazar, Senior Production Editor Jenny Wolkowicki and Crest Premedia Solutions for final production. |
| jenny wolkowicki: Environmental Online Communication Arno Scharl, 2004-03-13 The Internet and wireless communication networks are transforming the way society handles the explosive growth & the dwindling half-life of environmentally relevant information. How can we leverage new technologies to advocate sustainability & the protection of natural ecosystems? This book presents an interdisciplinary investigation of this question, combining theoretical foundations of environmental online communication with pioneering conceptual work & case studies of successful information systems. Environmental Online Communication addresses the transition to a knowledge-based economy, sheds light on hidden assumptions & misconceptions about environmental issues, & suggests priorities for research and policy development. This volume analyses communicative strategies and processes from four interrelated perspectives: - Raising Environmental Awareness - Environmental Science - Corporate Sustainability - Networks & Virtual Communities Supplemental material is available at: www.ecoresearch.net/springer |
| jenny wolkowicki: The Linguistic Cycle : Language Change and the Language Faculty Department of English Arizona State University Elly van Gelderen Regents' Professor, 2011-04-08 Elly van Gelderen provides examples of linguistic cycles from a number of languages and language families, along with an account of the linguistic cycle in terms of minimalist economy principles. A cycle involves grammaticalization from lexical to functional category followed by renewal. Some well-known cycles involve negatives, where full negative phrases are reanalyzed as words and affixes and are then renewed by full phrases again. Verbal agreement is another example: full pronouns are reanalyzed as agreement markers and are renewed again. Each chapter provides data on a separate cycle from a myriad of languages. Van Gelderen argues that the cross-linguistic similarities can be seen as Economy Principles present in the initial cognitive system or Universal Grammar. She further claims that some of the cycles can be used to classify a language as analytic or synthetic, and she provides insight into the shape of the earliest human language and how it evolved. |
| jenny wolkowicki: An Internet for the People Jessa Lingel, 2022-06-14 How craigslist champions openness, democracy, and other vanishing principles of the early web Begun by Craig Newmark as an e-mail to some friends about cool events happening around San Francisco, craigslist is now the leading classifieds service on the planet. It is also a throwback to the early internet. The website has barely seen an upgrade since it launched in 1996. There are no banner ads. The company doesn't profit off your data. An Internet for the People explores how people use craigslist to buy and sell, find work, and find love—and reveals why craigslist is becoming a lonely outpost in an increasingly corporatized web. Drawing on interviews with craigslist insiders and ordinary users, Jessa Lingel looks at the site's history and values, showing how it has mostly stayed the same while the web around it has become more commercial and far less open. She examines craigslist's legal history, describing the company's courtroom battles over issues of freedom of expression and data privacy, and explains the importance of locality in the social relationships fostered by the site. More than an online garage sale, job board, or dating site, craigslist holds vital lessons for the rest of the web. It is a website that values user privacy over profits, ease of use over slick design, and an ethos of the early web that might just hold the key to a more open, transparent, and democratic internet. |
| jenny wolkowicki: Making the Cut David Pedulla, 2022-08-09 An in-depth look at how employers today perceive and evaluate job applicants with nonstandard or precarious employment histories Millions of workers today labor in nontraditional situations involving part-time work, temporary agency employment, and skills underutilization or face the precariousness of long-term unemployment. To date, research has largely focused on how these experiences shape workers’ well-being, rather than how hiring agents perceive and treat job applicants who have moved through these positions. Shifting the focus from workers to hiring agents, Making the Cut explores how key gatekeepers—HR managers, recruiters, and talent acquisition specialists—evaluate workers with nonstandard, mismatched, or precarious employment experience. Factoring in the social groups to which workers belong—such as their race and gender—David Pedulla shows how workers get jobs, how the hiring process unfolds, who makes the cut, and who does not. Drawing on a field experiment examining hiring decisions in four occupational groups and in-depth interviews with hiring agents in the United States, Pedulla documents and unpacks three important discoveries. Hiring professionals extract distinct meanings from different types of employment experiences; the effects of nonstandard, mismatched, and precarious employment histories for workers’ job outcomes are not all the same; and the race and gender of workers intersect with their employment histories to shape which workers get called back for jobs. Indeed, hiring professionals use group-based stereotypes to weave divergent narratives or “stratified stories” about workers with similar employment experiences. The result is a complex set of inequalities in the labor market. Looking at bias and discrimination, social exclusion in the workplace, and the changing nature of work, Making the Cut probes the hiring process and offers a clearer picture of the underpinnings of getting a job in the new economy. |
| jenny wolkowicki: Parallel Processing and Parallel Algorithms Seyed H Roosta, 2012-12-06 Motivation It is now possible to build powerful single-processor and multiprocessor systems and use them efficiently for data processing, which has seen an explosive ex pansion in many areas of computer science and engineering. One approach to meeting the performance requirements of the applications has been to utilize the most powerful single-processor system that is available. When such a system does not provide the performance requirements, pipelined and parallel process ing structures can be employed. The concept of parallel processing is a depar ture from sequential processing. In sequential computation one processor is in volved and performs one operation at a time. On the other hand, in parallel computation several processors cooperate to solve a problem, which reduces computing time because several operations can be carried out simultaneously. Using several processors that work together on a given computation illustrates a new paradigm in computer problem solving which is completely different from sequential processing. From the practical point of view, this provides sufficient justification to investigate the concept of parallel processing and related issues, such as parallel algorithms. Parallel processing involves utilizing several factors, such as parallel architectures, parallel algorithms, parallel programming lan guages and performance analysis, which are strongly interrelated. In general, four steps are involved in performing a computational problem in parallel. The first step is to understand the nature of computations in the specific application domain. |
| jenny wolkowicki: Evolution Evolving Kevin N. Lala, Tobias Uller, Nathalie Feiner, Marcus Feldman, Scott F. Gilbert, 2024-09-24 A new account of the central role developmental processes play in evolution A new scientific view of evolution is emerging—one that challenges and expands our understanding of how evolution works. Recent research demonstrates that organisms differ greatly in how effective they are at evolving. Whether and how each organism adapts and diversifies depends critically on the mechanistic details of how that organism operates—its development, physiology, and behavior. That is because the evolutionary process itself has evolved over time, and continues to evolve. The scientific understanding of evolution is evolving too, with groundbreaking new ways of explaining evolutionary change. In this book, a group of leading biologists draw on the latest findings in evolutionary genetics and evo-devo, as well as novel insights from studies of epigenetics, symbiosis, and inheritance, to examine the central role that developmental processes play in evolution. Written in an accessible style, and illustrated with fascinating examples of natural history, the book presents recent scientific discoveries that expand evolutionary biology beyond the classical view of gene transmission guided by natural selection. Without undermining the central importance of natural selection and other Darwinian foundations, new developmental insights indicate that all organisms possess their own characteristic sets of evolutionary mechanisms. The authors argue that a consideration of developmental phenomena is needed for evolutionary biologists to generate better explanations for adaptation and biodiversity. This book provides a new vision of adaptive evolution. |
| jenny wolkowicki: Cultures in Motion Daniel T. Rodgers, Bhavani Raman, Helmut Reimitz, 2013-12-08 In the wide-ranging and innovative essays of Cultures in Motion, a dozen distinguished historians offer new conceptual vocabularies for understanding how cultures have trespassed across geography and social space. From the transformations of the meanings and practices of charity during late antiquity and the transit of medical knowledge between early modern China and Europe, to the fusion of Irish and African dance forms in early nineteenth-century New York, these essays follow a wide array of cultural practices through the lens of motion, translation, itinerancy, and exchange, extending the insights of transnational and translocal history. Cultures in Motion challenges the premise of fixed, stable cultural systems by showing that cultural practices have always been moving, crossing borders and locations with often surprising effect. The essays offer striking examples from early to modern times of intrusion, translation, resistance, and adaptation. These are histories where nothing--dance rhythms, alchemical formulas, musical practices, feminist aspirations, sewing machines, streamlined metals, or labor networks--remains stationary. In addition to the editors, the contributors are Celia Applegate, Peter Brown, Harold Cook, April Masten, Mae Ngai, Jocelyn Olcott, Mimi Sheller, Pamela Smith, and Nira Wickramasinghe. Some images inside the book are unavailable due to digital copyright restrictions. |
| jenny wolkowicki: The Activist Humanist Caroline Levine, 2023-10-17 An argument that humanists have the tools—and the responsibility—to mobilize political power to tackle climate change As climate catastrophes intensify, why do literary and cultural studies scholars so often remain committed to the separation of aesthetic study from the nitty-gritty of political change? In this thought-provoking book, Caroline Levine makes the case for an alternative view, arguing that humanists have the tools to mobilize political power—and the responsibility to use those tools to avert the worst impacts of global warming. Building on the theory developed in her award-winning book, Forms, Levine shows how formalist methods can be used in the fight for climate justice. Countering scholars in the environmental humanities who embrace only “modest gestures of care”—and who seem to have moved directly to “mourning” our inevitable environmental losses—Levine argues that large-scale, practical environmental activism should be integral to humanists’ work. She identifies three major infrastructural forms crucial to sustaining collective life: routines, pathways, and enclosures. Crisscrossing between art works and public works—from urban transportation to television series and from food security programs to rhyming couplets—she considers which forms might support stability and predictability in the face of growing precarity. Finally, bridging the gap between academic and practical work, Levine offers a series of questions and exercises intended to guide readers into political action. The Activist Humanist provides an essential handbook for prospective activist-scholars. |
| jenny wolkowicki: Seeking the Bomb Vipin Narang, 2022-01-11 The first systematic look at the different strategies that states employ in their pursuit of nuclear weapons Much of the work on nuclear proliferation has focused on why states pursue nuclear weapons. The question of how states pursue nuclear weapons has received little attention. Seeking the Bomb is the first book to analyze this topic by examining which strategies of nuclear proliferation are available to aspirants, why aspirants select one strategy over another, and how this matters to international politics. Looking at a wide range of nations, from India and Japan to the Soviet Union and North Korea to Iraq and Iran, Vipin Narang develops an original typology of proliferation strategies—hedging, sprinting, sheltered pursuit, and hiding. Each strategy of proliferation provides different opportunities for the development of nuclear weapons, while at the same time presenting distinct vulnerabilities that can be exploited to prevent states from doing so. Narang delves into the crucial implications these strategies have for nuclear proliferation and international security. Hiders, for example, are especially disruptive since either they successfully attain nuclear weapons, irrevocably altering the global power structure, or they are discovered, potentially triggering serious crises or war, as external powers try to halt or reverse a previously clandestine nuclear weapons program. As the international community confronts the next generation of potential nuclear proliferators, Seeking the Bomb explores how global conflict and stability are shaped by the ruthlessly pragmatic ways states choose strategies of proliferation. |
| jenny wolkowicki: Hegel's Social Ethics Molly Farneth, 2017-08-02 Hegel’s Social Ethics offers a fresh and accessible interpretation of G. W. F. Hegel’s most famous book, the Phenomenology of Spirit. Drawing on important recent work on the social dimensions of Hegel’s theory of knowledge, Molly Farneth shows how his account of how we know rests on his account of how we ought to live. Farneth argues that Hegel views conflict as an unavoidable part of living together, and that his social ethics involves relationships and social practices that allow people to cope with conflict and sustain hope for reconciliation. Communities create, contest, and transform their norms through these relationships and practices, and Hegel’s model for them are often the interactions and rituals of the members of religious communities. The book’s close readings reveal the ethical implications of Hegel’s discussions of slavery, Greek tragedy, early modern culture wars, and confession and forgiveness. The book also illuminates how contemporary democratic thought and practice can benefit from Hegelian insights. Through its sustained engagement with Hegel’s ideas about conflict and reconciliation, Hegel’s Social Ethics makes an important contribution to debates about how to live well with religious and ethical disagreement. |
| jenny wolkowicki: The Mexican Heartland John Tutino, 2017-12-05 A major new history of capitalism from the perspective of the indigenous peoples of Mexico, who sustained and resisted it for centuries The Mexican Heartland provides a new history of capitalism from the perspective of the landed communities surrounding Mexico City. In a sweeping analytical narrative spanning the sixteenth century to today, John Tutino challenges our basic assumptions about the forces that shaped global capitalism—setting families and communities at the center of histories that transformed the world. Despite invasion, disease, and depopulation, Mexico’s heartland communities held strong on the land, adapting to sustain and shape the dynamic silver capitalism so pivotal to Spain’s empire and world trade for centuries after 1550. They joined in insurgencies that brought the collapse of silver and other key global trades after 1810 as Mexico became a nation, then struggled to keep land and self-rule in the face of liberal national projects. They drove Zapata’s 1910 revolution—a rising that rattled Mexico and the world of industrial capitalism. Although the revolt faced defeat, adamant communities forced a land reform that put them at the center of Mexico’s experiment in national capitalism after 1920. Then, from the 1950s, population growth and technical innovations drove people from rural communities to a metropolis spreading across the land. The heartland urbanized, leaving people searching for new lives—dependent, often desperate, yet still pressing their needs in a globalizing world. A masterful work of scholarship, The Mexican Heartland is the story of how landed communities and families around Mexico City sustained silver capitalism, challenged industrial capitalism—and now struggle under globalizing urban capitalism. |
| jenny wolkowicki: The Solidarity Economy Tehila Sasson, 2024-05-28 The untold story of the role of humanitarian NGOs in building the neoliberal order after empire After India gained independence in 1947, Britain reinvented its role in the global economy through nongovernmental aid organizations. Utilizing existing imperial networks and colonial bureaucracy, the nonprofit sector sought an ethical capitalism, one that would equalize relationships between British consumers and Third World producers as the age of empire was ending. The Solidarity Economy examines the role of nonstate actors in the major transformations of the world economy in the postwar era, showing how British NGOs charted a path to neoliberalism in their pursuit of ethical markets. Between the 1950s and 1990s, nonprofits sought to establish an alternative to Keynesianism through their welfare and development programs. Encouraging the fair trade of commodities and goods through microfinance, consumer boycotts, and corporate social responsibility, these programs emphasized decentralization, privatization, and entrepreneurship. Tehila Sasson tells the stories of the activists, economists, politicians, and businessmen who reimagined the marketplace as a workshop for global reform. She reveals how their ideas, though commonly associated with conservative neoliberal policies, were part of a nonprofit-driven endeavor by the liberal left to envision markets as autonomous and humanizing spaces, facilitating ethical relationships beyond the impersonal realm of the state. Drawing on dozens of newly available repositories from nongovernmental, international, national, and business archives, The Solidarity Economy reconstructs the political economy of these markets—from handicrafts and sugar to tea and coffee—shedding critical light on the postimperial origins of neoliberalism. |
| jenny wolkowicki: Evolution's Bite Peter S. Ungar, 2018-12-18 Whether we realize it or not, we carry in our mouths the legacy of our evolution. Our teeth are like living fossils that can be studied and compared to those of our ancestors to teach us how we became human. In Evolution’s Bite, noted paleoanthropologist Peter Ungar brings together for the first time cutting-edge advances in understanding human evolution with new approaches to uncovering dietary clues from fossil teeth. The result is a remarkable investigation into the ways that teeth—their shape, chemistry, and wear—reveal how we came to be. Traveling the four corners of the globe and combining scientific breakthroughs with vivid narrative, Evolution’s Bite presents a unique dental perspective on our astonishing human development. |
| jenny wolkowicki: Sequential Monte Carlo Methods in Practice Arnaud Doucet, Nando de Freitas, Neil Gordon, 2013-03-09 Monte Carlo methods are revolutionizing the on-line analysis of data in many fileds. They have made it possible to solve numerically many complex, non-standard problems that were previously intractable. This book presents the first comprehensive treatment of these techniques. |
| jenny wolkowicki: The Israeli Economy Joseph Zeira, 2021-11-23 An authoritative economic history of Israel from its founding to the present In 1922, there were ninety thousand Jews in Palestine, a small country in a poor and volatile region. Today, Israel has a population of nine million and is one of the richest countries in the world. The Israeli Economy tells the story of this remarkable transformation, shedding critical new light on Israel's rapid economic growth. Joseph Zeira takes readers from those early days to today, describing how Israel's economic development occurred amid intense fighting with the Palestinians and neighboring Arab countries. He reveals how the new state's astonishing growth continued into the early 1970s, and traces this growth to public investment in education and to large foreign transfers. Zeira analyzes the costs of the Arab-Israeli conflict, demonstrating how economic output could be vastly greater with a comprehensive peace. He discusses how Israel went through intensive neoliberal economic policies in recent decades, and shows how these policies not only failed to enhance economic performance, but led to significant social inequality. Based on more than two decades of groundbreaking research, The Israeli Economy is an in-depth survey of a modern economy that has experienced rapid growth, wars, immigration waves, and other significant shocks. It thus offers important lessons for nations around the world. |
| jenny wolkowicki: In the Midst of Things Mike Owen Benediktsson, 2022-09-20 How ordinary urban objects influence our behavior, exacerbate inequality, and encourage social change Assumptions about human behavior lie hidden in plain sight all around us, programmed into the design and regulation of the material objects we encounter on a daily basis. In the Midst of Things takes an in-depth look at the social lives of five objects commonly found in the public spaces of New York City and its suburbs, revealing how our interactions with such material things are our primary point of contact with the social, political, and economic forces that shape city life. Drawing on groundbreaking fieldwork and a wealth of original interviews, Mike Owen Benediktsson shows how we are in the midst of things whose profound social role often goes overlooked. A newly built lawn on the Brooklyn waterfront reflects an increasingly common trade-off between the marketplace and the public good. A cement wall on a New Jersey highway speaks to the demise of the postwar American dream. A metal folding chair on a patch of asphalt in Queens exposes the political obstacles to making the city livable. A subway door expresses the simmering conflict between the city and the desires of riders, while a newsstand bears witness to our increasingly impoverished streetscapes. In the Midst of Things demonstrates how the material realm is one of immediacy, control, inequality, and unpredictability, and how these factors frustrate the ability of designers, planners, and regulators to shape human behavior. |
| jenny wolkowicki: The Network of Life David Mindell, 2024-06-04 Why evolution is like a network, not a family tree—and why it matters for understanding the health of all living things In The Network of Life, David Mindell explains why the conventional narrative of evolution needs to evolve. Ever since Darwin, evolution has largely been thought to work like a family tree in which species are related through a series of branching events. But, today, a growing knowledge of the ways species share genetic materials in a process known as horizontal evolution has revealed that evolution is actually a network of shared genealogy in which species are more interconnected than previously thought. In this book, Mindell presents this new narrative of life’s evolution and its profound implications for all life on Earth. The Network of Life describes the drivers of horizontal evolution—interbreeding and genetic recombination, the merger of species, horizontal gene transfer, and coevolution. The network view of evolution that emerges supports a new symbiotic theory of health, which holds that the future health of humans, other species, and our shared environments depends on evolution and adaptation across life’s network. Difficult times lie ahead for many of Earth’s species as climates and habitats transform. At the same time, new and altered life-forms are arising and spreading in association with human activities. We are also learning to reshape and create life by mimicking the mechanisms of horizontal evolution, and we are coevolving with technology as we enhance our bodies, brains, and life spans. The Network of Life shows why and how increasing our knowledge of horizontal evolution can provide critical lessons as we navigate our looming challenges. |
| jenny wolkowicki: The Essence of Software Daniel Jackson, 2021-11-16 A revolutionary concept-based approach to thinking about, designing, and interacting with software As our dependence on technology increases, the design of software matters more than ever before. Why then is so much software flawed? Why hasn’t there been a systematic and scalable way to create software that is easy to use, robust, and secure? Examining these issues in depth, The Essence of Software introduces a theory of software design that gives new answers to old questions. Daniel Jackson explains that a software system should be viewed as a collection of interacting concepts, breaking the functionality into manageable parts and providing a new framework for thinking about design. Through this radical and original perspective, Jackson lays out a practical and coherent path, accessible to anyone—from strategist and marketer to UX designer, architect, or programmer—for making software that is empowering, dependable, and a delight to use. Jackson explores every aspect of concepts—what they are and aren’t, how to identify them, how to define them, and more—and offers prescriptive principles and practical tips that can be applied cost-effectively in a wide range of domains. He applies these ideas to contemporary software designs, drawing examples from leading software manufacturers such as Adobe, Apple, Dropbox, Facebook, Google, Microsoft, Twitter, and others. Jackson shows how concepts let designers preserve and reuse design knowledge, rather than starting from scratch in every project. An argument against the status quo and a guide to improvement for both working designers and novices to the field, The Essence of Software brings a fresh approach to software and its creation. |
| jenny wolkowicki: Giving Women Jill Rappoport, 2012-01-05 Drawing on novels, poetry, periodicals, and political pamphlets, Giving Women examines the literary expression and cultural consequences of gift exchange among English women from the 1820s until the end of the First World War. |
| jenny wolkowicki: Marketing Death Cheris Shun-ching Chan, 2012-03-22 Marketing Death is the first book to offer a penetrating sociological analysis of the emergence of a life insurance market outside of the Euro-American context. Drawing on rich ethnographic data, it documents the processes and micro-politics through which local cultures shape the way a market is formed and, hence, sheds light on the dynamics through which modern capitalist enterprises are diffused to regions with different cultural traditions.--Publisher's description. |
| jenny wolkowicki: Western Europe’s Democratic Age Martin Conway, 2022-06-14 A major new history of how democracy became the dominant political force in Europe in the second half of the twentieth century What happened in the years following World War II to create a democratic revolution in the western half of Europe? In Western Europe's Democratic Age, Martin Conway provides an innovative new account of how a stable, durable, and remarkably uniform model of parliamentary democracy emerged in Western Europe—and how this democratic ascendancy held fast until the latter decades of the twentieth century. Drawing on a wide range of sources, Conway describes how Western Europe's postwar democratic order was built by elite, intellectual, and popular forces. Much more than the consequence of the defeat of fascism and the rejection of Communism, this democratic order rested on universal male and female suffrage, but also on new forms of state authority and new political forces—primarily Christian and social democratic—that espoused democratic values. Above all, it gained the support of the people, for whom democracy provided a new model of citizenship that reflected the aspirations of a more prosperous society. This democratic order did not, however, endure. Its hierarchies of class, gender, and race, which initially gave it its strength, as well as the strains of decolonization and social change, led to an explosion of demands for greater democratic freedoms in the 1960s, and to the much more contested democratic politics of Europe in the late twentieth century. Western Europe's Democratic Age is a compelling history that sheds new light not only on the past of European democracy but also on the unresolved question of its future. |
| jenny wolkowicki: Just Giving Rob Reich, 2018-11-20 The troubling ethics and politics of philanthropy Is philanthropy, by its very nature, a threat to today’s democracy? Though we may laud wealthy individuals who give away their money for society’s benefit, Just Giving shows how such generosity not only isn’t the unassailable good we think it to be but might also undermine democratic values and set back aspirations of justice. Big philanthropy is often an exercise of power, the conversion of private assets into public influence. And it is a form of power that is largely unaccountable, often perpetual, and lavishly tax-advantaged. The affluent—and their foundations—reap vast benefits even as they influence policy without accountability. And small philanthropy, or ordinary charitable giving, can be problematic as well. Charity, it turns out, does surprisingly little to provide for those in need and sometimes worsens inequality. These outcomes are shaped by the policies that define and structure philanthropy. When, how much, and to whom people give is influenced by laws governing everything from the creation of foundations and nonprofits to generous tax exemptions for donations of money and property. Rob Reich asks: What attitude and what policies should democracies have concerning individuals who give money away for public purposes? Philanthropy currently fails democracy in many ways, but Reich argues that it can be redeemed. Differentiating between individual philanthropy and private foundations, the aims of mass giving should be the decentralization of power in the production of public goods, such as the arts, education, and science. For foundations, the goal should be what Reich terms “discovery,” or long-time-horizon innovations that enhance democratic experimentalism. Philanthropy, when properly structured, can play a crucial role in supporting a strong liberal democracy. Just Giving investigates the ethical and political dimensions of philanthropy and considers how giving might better support democratic values and promote justice. |
| jenny wolkowicki: Birthing Romans Anna Bonnell Freidin, 2024-05-21 Here I lie, a matron... I was wife to Fortunatus, my father was Veturius. Unlucky woman, born twenty-seven years ago and married for sixteen - one bed, one marriage - I died after six births, just one child remains. This epitaph of a Roman woman named Veturia, who died in the 3rd century BCE, starkly captures the relentless cycle of birthing, rearing, and burying children that defined the lives of ancient Mediterranean women. In this book, Anna Bonnell Freidin asks: how would Veturia and her family have understood such losses, child after child? What kinds of strategies might she have employed to protect herself and her infants, to equip them for better futures? How would she, her family, and any caretakers have worked to mitigate the dangers of pregnancy and birth? Put more generally, how did Romans approach the risks of childbearing? Freidin demonstrates how the perceptions of these fears and risks not only affected the ways individuals cared for their bodies, but also influenced Roman culture on a much greater scale. Freidin explores this against the backdrop of the Julian laws, which were introduced in 18BC by Rome's first emperor, Augustus, and were meant to guard against the perceived risk that women - and elites generally - might avoid childbearing. They formed part of an ideology of family values, central to imperial messaging for the next three hundred years. From elite medical treatments to birth charms to metaphorical language used by ancient authors to describe birth, Freidin marshals a wide range of evidence and theoretical frameworks to explore both the construction and distribution of risk in a deeply patriarchal, imperialist culture, one in which an ideology of fertility and control confronted the unpredictability of the environment and which, in turn, shaped Roman views of risk as they expanded their empire. Mistakes, misfortunes, and interventions in the reproductive process were seen to have far-reaching consequences, reverberating for generations, altering the course of people's lives, their family history, and even the fate of an empire-- |
| jenny wolkowicki: A War on Global Poverty Joanne Meyerowitz, 2021-04-20 A history of US involvement in late twentieth-century campaigns against global poverty and how they came to focus on women A War on Global Poverty provides a fresh account of US involvement in campaigns to end global poverty in the 1970s and 1980s. From the decline of modernization programs to the rise of microcredit, Joanne Meyerowitz looks beyond familiar histories of development and explains why antipoverty programs increasingly focused on women as the deserving poor. When the United States joined the war on global poverty, economists, policymakers, and activists asked how to change a world in which millions lived in need. Moved to the left by socialists, social democrats, and religious humanists, they rejected the notion that economic growth would trickle down to the poor, and they proposed programs to redress inequities between and within nations. In an emerging “women in development” movement, they positioned women as economic actors who could help lift families and nations out of destitution. In the more conservative 1980s, the war on global poverty turned decisively toward market-based projects in the private sector. Development experts and antipoverty advocates recast women as entrepreneurs and imagined microcredit—with its tiny loans—as a grassroots solution. Meyerowitz shows that at the very moment when the overextension of credit left poorer nations bankrupt, loans to impoverished women came to replace more ambitious proposals that aimed at redistribution. Based on a wealth of sources, A War on Global Poverty looks at a critical transformation in antipoverty efforts in the late twentieth century and points to its legacies today. |
| jenny wolkowicki: Poetic Trespass Lital Levy, 2014-10-26 A Palestinian-Israeli poet declares a new state whose language, Homelandic, is a combination of Arabic and Hebrew. A Jewish-Israeli author imagines a language plague that infects young Hebrew speakers with old world accents, and sends the narrator in search of his Arabic heritage. In Poetic Trespass, Lital Levy brings together such startling visions to offer the first in-depth study of the relationship between Hebrew and Arabic in the literature and culture of Israel/Palestine. More than that, she presents a captivating portrait of the literary imagination's power to transgress political boundaries and transform ideas about language and belonging. Blending history and literature, Poetic Trespass traces the interwoven life of Arabic and Hebrew in Israel/Palestine from the turn of the twentieth century to the present, exposing the two languages' intimate entanglements in contemporary works of prose, poetry, film, and visual art by both Palestinian and Jewish citizens of Israel. In a context where intense political and social pressures work to identify Jews with Hebrew and Palestinians with Arabic, Levy finds writers who have boldly crossed over this divide to create literature in the language of their other, as well as writers who bring the two languages into dialogue to rewrite them from within. Exploring such acts of poetic trespass, Levy introduces new readings of canonical and lesser-known authors, including Emile Habiby, Hayyim Nahman Bialik, Anton Shammas, Saul Tchernichowsky, Samir Naqqash, Ronit Matalon, Salman Masalha, A. B. Yehoshua, and Almog Behar. By revealing uncommon visions of what it means to write in Arabic and Hebrew, Poetic Trespass will change the way we understand literature and culture in the shadow of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Some images inside the book are unavailable due to digital copyright restrictions. |
| jenny wolkowicki: Protecting the Ballot Isabela Mares, 2022-11-08 How reforms limiting electoral misconduct completed the process of democratization Between 1850 and 1918, many first-wave democracies in Europe adopted electoral reforms that reduced the incidence of electoral malfeasance. Drawing on analysis of parliamentary deliberations and roll-call votes in France, Germany, Belgium, and the United Kingdom, Protecting the Ballot explores how these electoral changes came about. Reforms limiting electoral malfeasance came in a variety of forms. Some reforms imposed harsher punishments for bribing or the politicization of state resources during campaigns. Other changes improved electoral secrecy, providing better protection of voters’ autonomy. By mandating the presence of candidate representatives supervising electoral operations, reforms also reduced the incidence of electoral fraud. Isabela Mares documents how elite splits facilitated the formation of parliamentary majorities in support of electoral reforms. The political composition of these majorities varied across countries and across issue area, depending on the distribution of political resources and the economic and electoral costs incurred by politicians with opportunities to engage in malfeasance. Unpacking the electoral determinants of the demand for reforms, Mares offers an alternative to theories of democratization that emphasize economic considerations alone. By studying the successful adoption of reforms limiting electoral irregularities in first-wave democratic transitions, Protecting the Ballot sheds light on the opportunities and obstacles for ending electoral wrongdoing in recent democracies. |
| jenny wolkowicki: Democratic Capitalism at the Crossroads Carles Boix, 2019-05-28 An incisive history of the changing relationship between democracy and capitalism The twentieth century witnessed the triumph of democratic capitalism in the industrialized West, with widespread popular support for both free markets and representative elections. Today, that political consensus appears to be breaking down, disrupted by polarization and income inequality, widespread dissatisfaction with democratic institutions, and insurgent populism. Tracing the history of democratic capitalism over the past two centuries, Carles Boix explains how we got here—and where we could be headed. Boix looks at three defining stages of capitalism, each originating in a distinct time and place with its unique political challenges, structure of production and employment, and relationship with democracy. He begins in nineteenth-century Manchester, where factory owners employed unskilled laborers at low wages, generating rampant inequality and a restrictive electoral franchise. He then moves to Detroit in the early 1900s, where the invention of the modern assembly line shifted labor demand to skilled blue-collar workers. Boix shows how growing wages, declining inequality, and an expanding middle class enabled democratic capitalism to flourish. Today, however, the information revolution that began in Silicon Valley in the 1970s is benefitting the highly educated at the expense of the traditional working class, jobs are going offshore, and inequality has risen sharply, making many wonder whether democracy and capitalism are still compatible. Essential reading for these uncertain times, Democratic Capitalism at the Crossroads proposes sensible policy solutions that can help harness the unruly forces of capitalism to preserve democracy and meet the challenges that lie ahead. |
| jenny wolkowicki: The Herschel Objects and How to Observe Them James Mullaney, 2007-08-22 Amateur astronomers are always on the lookout for new observing challenges. This exciting book retraces the steps of the greatest visual observer and celestial explorer who ever lived. This is a practical guide to locating and viewing the most impressive of Herschel’s star clusters, nebulae and galaxies, cataloging more than 600 of the brightest objects, and offering detailed descriptions and images of 150 to 200 of the best. |
| jenny wolkowicki: The New Global Universities Bryan Penprase, Noah Pickus, 2023-12-05 Reimagining higher education around the world: lessons from the creation of eight new colleges and universities in Africa, Asia, the Middle East, and North America Higher education is perpetually in crisis, buffeted by increasing costs and a perceived lack of return on investment, campus culture that is criticized for stifling debate on controversial topics, and a growing sense that the liberal arts are outmoded and irrelevant. Some observers even put higher education on the brink of death. The New Global Universities offers a counterargument, telling the story of educational leaders who have chosen not to give up on higher education but to reimagine it. The book chronicles the development and launch of eight innovative colleges and universities in Africa, Asia, the Middle East, and North America, describing the combination of intellectual courage, entrepreneurial audacity, and adaptive leadership needed to invent educational institutions today. The authors, both academic leaders who have been involved in launching ventures similar to the ones described, offer a unique inside perspective on these efforts. Bryan Penprase and Noah Pickus show how the founders of new colleges and universities establish distinctive brands in a sector dominated by centuries-old institutions, secure creative sources of funding, attract stellar faculty and students, and design appealing curriculums and campuses—all while managing tradeoffs and setbacks, balancing local needs and global aspirations, and wrestling with challenges to academic freedom. These new educational institutions include two universities in Asia and the Middle East built by well-established American parent institutions, others in Africa and North America that offer holistic reform from the ground up and leverage new technologies to lower costs, and still others that adapted the American liberal arts model to Asian and African contexts. Their experiences offer lessons for future founders of new universities—and for those who want to renew and rejuvenate existing ones. |
| jenny wolkowicki: The Weirdness of the World Eric Schwitzgebel, 2024-01-16 How all philosophical explanations of human consciousness and the fundamental structure of the cosmos are bizarre—and why that’s a good thing Do we live inside a simulated reality or a pocket universe embedded in a larger structure about which we know virtually nothing? Is consciousness a purely physical matter, or might it require something extra, something nonphysical? According to the philosopher Eric Schwitzgebel, it’s hard to say. In The Weirdness of the World, Schwitzgebel argues that the answers to these fundamental questions lie beyond our powers of comprehension. We can be certain only that the truth—whatever it is—is weird. Philosophy, he proposes, can aim to open—to reveal possibilities we had not previously appreciated—or to close, to narrow down to the one correct theory of the phenomenon in question. Schwitzgebel argues for a philosophy that opens. According to Schwitzgebel’s “Universal Bizarreness” thesis, every possible theory of the relation of mind and cosmos defies common sense. According to his complementary “Universal Dubiety” thesis, no general theory of the relationship between mind and cosmos compels rational belief. Might the United States be a conscious organism—a conscious group mind with approximately the intelligence of a rabbit? Might virtually every action we perform cause virtually every possible type of future event, echoing down through the infinite future of an infinite universe? What, if anything, is it like to be a garden snail? Schwitzgebel makes a persuasive case for the thrill of considering the most bizarre philosophical possibilities. |
| jenny wolkowicki: The Great Leveler Walter Scheidel, 2018-09-18 Are mass violence and catastrophes the only forces that can seriously decrease economic inequality? To judge by thousands of years of history, the answer is yes. Tracing the global history of inequality from the Stone Age to today, Walter Scheidel shows that inequality never dies peacefully. Inequality declines when carnage and disaster strike and increases when peace and stability return. The Great Leveler is the first book to chart the crucial role of violent shocks in reducing inequality over the full sweep of human history around the world. Ever since humans began to farm, herd livestock, and pass on their assets to future generations, economic inequality has been a defining feature of civilization. Over thousands of years, only violent events have significantly lessened inequality. The Four Horsemen of leveling--mass-mobilization warfare, transformative revolutions, state collapse, and catastrophic plagues--have repeatedly destroyed the fortunes of the rich. Scheidel identifies and examines these processes, from the crises of the earliest civilizations to the cataclysmic world wars and communist revolutions of the twentieth century. Today, the violence that reduced inequality in the past seems to have diminished, and that is a good thing. But it casts serious doubt on the prospects for a more equal future. An essential contribution to the debate about inequality, The Great Leveler provides important new insights about why inequality is so persistent--and why it is unlikely to decline anytime soon.-- |
| jenny wolkowicki: Writing for Computer Science Justin Zobel, 2004-06-03 A complete update to a classic, respected resource Invaluable reference, supplying a comprehensive overview on how to undertake and present research |
| jenny wolkowicki: Pioneers of Capitalism Maarten Prak, Jan Luiten van Zanden, 2022-12-13 In most narratives of the history of global economic development, the Netherlands plays an early and leading role. Indeed, the Netherlands has maintained a leading position among the most wealthy nations since at least the fifteenthcentury. Adding to the literature on economic development, Maarten Prak and Jan Luiten van Zanden, bring new evidence to bear on our understanding of how institutions in the Netherlands fostered unprecedented, long term economic growth that changed the course of history. The authors argue that informal institutions had developed long before the statecreated the institutions commonly held to be decisive . These informal institutions -believed in Dutch folklore to have originated in the polders, tracts of low land reclaimed from the sea-demonstrate how private and semi-public organizations provided public safeguards for economic activity in the state's absence. The authors explore how cities, corporations, guilds, commons, and other civil society organizations were structured and how they delivered advanced levels of security for market transactions. The Dutch Miracle argues that it was this sociopolitical structure in which the early market economy of the Netherlands emerged and that enabled the country's almost uninterrupted long-term economic growth-- |
| jenny wolkowicki: From Sovereign to Symbol Thomas Conlan, 2011-11-10 Rather than looking at the collapse of Japan's first warrior government as the manipulation of rival courts by warrior factions, this study argues that the crucial ideological conflict of the 14th century was between the conservative forces of ritual precedent and the ritual determinists steeped in Shingon Buddhism. |
| jenny wolkowicki: Darwin's Unfinished Symphony Kevin N. Lala, 2018-09-11 Humans possess an extraordinary capacity for culture, from the arts and language to science and technology. But how did the human mind—and the uniquely human ability to devise and transmit culture—evolve from its roots in animal behavior? Darwin’s Unfinished Symphony presents a captivating new theory of human cognitive evolution. This compelling and accessible book reveals how culture is not just the magnificent end product of an evolutionary process that produced a species unlike all others—it is also the key driving force behind that process. Kevin N. Lala tells the story of the painstaking fieldwork, the key experiments, the false leads, and the stunning scientific breakthroughs that led to this new understanding of how culture transformed human evolution. It is the story of how Darwin’s intellectual descendants picked up where he left off and took up the challenge of providing a scientific account of the evolution of the human mind. |
| jenny wolkowicki: Paleoclimate Michael L. Bender, 2013-08-25 Earth's climate has undergone dramatic changes over the geologic timescale. At one extreme, Earth has been glaciated from the poles to the equator for periods that may have lasted millions of years. At another, temperatures were once so warm that the Canadian Arctic was heavily forested and large dinosaurs lived on Antarctica. Paleoclimatology is the study of such changes and their causes. Studying Earth's long-term climate history gives scientists vital clues about anthropogenic global warming and how climate is affected by human endeavor. In this book, Michael Bender, an internationally recognized authority on paleoclimate, provides a concise, comprehensive, and sophisticated introduction to the subject. After briefly describing the major periods in Earth history to provide geologic context, he discusses controls on climate and how the record of past climate is determined. The heart of the book then proceeds chronologically, introducing the history of climate changes over millions of years--its patterns and major transitions, and why average global temperature has varied so much. The book ends with a discussion of the Holocene (the past 10,000 years) and by putting manmade climate change in the context of paleoclimate. The most up-to-date overview on the subject, Paleoclimate provides an ideal introduction to undergraduates, nonspecialist scientists, and general readers with a scientific background. |
