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Is "Grand Jury" Capitalized? A Comprehensive Guide to Proper Noun Usage
Are you confused about when to capitalize "grand jury"? This seemingly simple question trips up many writers, students, and legal professionals. This comprehensive guide will clarify the capitalization rules surrounding "grand jury," providing clear examples and addressing common misconceptions. We'll delve into the grammatical rules, explain the significance of capitalization in legal writing, and offer practical tips to ensure you always use this term correctly. By the end of this post, you'll have the confidence to write about grand juries with grammatical precision.
Understanding Proper Nouns and Their Capitalization
Before diving into the specifics of "grand jury," let's establish a fundamental understanding of proper nouns. Proper nouns are names of specific people, places, things, or organizations. They are always capitalized in English. Examples include: John Smith, New York City, the Eiffel Tower, and the United Nations.
The key distinction is specificity. Generic nouns ("a city," "a tower," "a country") are not capitalized, while their specific counterparts are. This principle directly applies to the term "grand jury."
Is "Grand Jury" a Proper Noun?
The answer is nuanced. While "jury" itself is a common noun and generally not capitalized unless it's part of a proper name (e.g., "the Miller County Jury"), "grand jury" requires careful consideration.
The term "grand jury" refers to a specific legal body with a unique function within the justice system. It's not just any jury; it's a legally defined entity with specific powers and responsibilities. This inherent specificity lends itself to the argument for capitalization.
When to Capitalize "Grand Jury"
In formal legal writing and official documents, capitalizing "Grand Jury" is the overwhelmingly preferred and generally accepted practice. This is because it emphasizes the term's significance as a specific legal institution. Think of it similarly to capitalizing "Supreme Court" or "Congress." The capitalization denotes respect for the institution and clarity in legal documents.
When You Might Not Capitalize "Grand Jury"
In informal settings, or when used descriptively rather than as a specific reference, you might see "grand jury" written in lowercase. For example, a sentence like "The defendant faced a grand jury investigation" might not capitalize "grand jury" in certain informal contexts. However, even in these instances, capitalization is generally safer and more consistent with legal standards.
Capitalization in Legal Writing: Best Practices
Legal writing demands precision and clarity. Inconsistent capitalization can lead to ambiguity and undermine the credibility of your writing. Therefore, in any legal context – including briefs, motions, pleadings, and scholarly articles – consistently capitalizing "Grand Jury" is the best practice. This ensures there's no room for misinterpretation.
Beyond the Basics: Addressing Specific Scenarios
Several scenarios require particular attention to ensure proper capitalization of "grand jury."
1. References to Specific Grand Juries: When referring to a specific grand jury (e.g., "The Harris County Grand Jury indicted the defendant"), "Grand Jury" should always be capitalized.
2. Abbreviations: If using an abbreviation, such as "GJ," it should be capitalized consistently throughout the document.
3. Titles and Headings: In titles and headings, "Grand Jury" should always be capitalized.
4. Citations: Follow the capitalization style of the citation format you are using (e.g., Bluebook, ALWD). While styles might vary slightly, they generally suggest capitalizing "Grand Jury" in formal legal citations.
5. Court Documents: All court documents should adhere to the capitalization conventions of the specific court. If in doubt, consult the court's style guide or rules of procedure.
The Importance of Consistency
The most crucial aspect of capitalization is consistency. Choose a style (capitalization or lowercase), and stick to it throughout your document. Inconsistent capitalization is far more distracting and unprofessional than choosing one style and adhering to it. For legal writing, consistency in capitalization is paramount.
Conclusion: Clear and Consistent Communication
While the grammatical debate about the capitalization of "grand jury" might seem minor, adherence to consistent and correct capitalization practices significantly impacts clarity and professionalism, particularly in legal writing. By consistently capitalizing "Grand Jury" in formal settings, you demonstrate attention to detail and respect for the legal process.
Article Outline: Is "Grand Jury" Capitalized?
I. Introduction: Hook the reader with a relatable scenario, introduce the topic, and outline what the article will cover.
II. Proper Noun Fundamentals: Explain proper nouns and their capitalization rules.
III. Grand Jury: Proper Noun or Common Noun?: Analyze "grand jury's" classification and the arguments for capitalization.
IV. When to Capitalize "Grand Jury": Provide definitive guidelines for capitalization in various contexts.
V. When Lowercase Might Be Acceptable (with caveats): Briefly address informal uses but strongly advocate for capitalization.
VI. Legal Writing Best Practices: Stress the importance of consistent capitalization in legal documents.
VII. Specific Scenarios and Examples: Detail capitalization rules in various scenarios (e.g., specific grand juries, abbreviations, citations).
VIII. Importance of Consistency: Reiterate the necessity of consistent capitalization.
IX. Conclusion: Summarize the main points and reinforce the value of correct capitalization.
9 Unique FAQs
1. Is "grand jury" always capitalized? While not universally, capitalization is strongly preferred and virtually mandatory in formal legal contexts.
2. What is the difference between a grand jury and a petit jury? Grand juries investigate crimes and decide whether to indict, while petit juries determine guilt or innocence in trials.
3. Can a grand jury indictment be overturned? Yes, through various legal processes, including appeals and motions to dismiss.
4. What happens if a grand jury does not indict? The case may be dropped, or the prosecutor may choose to pursue other avenues.
5. Does a grand jury hear evidence from the defendant? Typically, the defendant does not testify before the grand jury.
6. How many people are on a grand jury? The number varies by jurisdiction but is usually between 16 and 23.
7. Is the grand jury proceeding secret? Grand jury proceedings are generally secret, protecting witnesses and deliberations.
8. Can a grand jury investigate without a prosecutor? No, grand juries typically operate under the direction of a prosecutor.
9. Where can I find more information about grand jury procedures in my state? Consult your state's court system website or legal statutes.
9 Related Articles
1. Understanding the Grand Jury Indictment Process: A detailed explanation of how grand juries work and what happens after an indictment.
2. Grand Jury vs. Petit Jury: Key Differences: A comparative analysis of the two types of juries.
3. The Role of the Prosecutor in Grand Jury Proceedings: An in-depth look at the prosecutor's responsibilities and influence.
4. Grand Jury Subpoenas: Rights and Obligations: An explanation of subpoenas, the rights of witnesses, and potential consequences of non-compliance.
5. Challenging a Grand Jury Indictment: A discussion of legal strategies to challenge an indictment.
6. Grand Jury Reform: Current Debates and Proposals: An analysis of current debates regarding grand jury procedures.
7. The History of the Grand Jury System: A historical overview of the evolution of grand juries.
8. Grand Jury Secrecy: Balancing Transparency and Due Process: An examination of the secrecy surrounding grand jury proceedings.
9. Grand Jury Misconduct: Identifying and Addressing Problems: A discussion of potential misconduct and available remedies.
| is grand jury capitalized: A Dictionary of Modern Legal Usage Bryan A. Garner, 2001 A comprehensive guide to legal style and usage, with practical advice on how to write clear, jargon-free legal prose. Includes style tips as well as definitions. |
| is grand jury capitalized: The Wall Street Journal Essential Guide to Business St Paul Martin, 2010-07-06 The indispensable resource that has helped the writers and editors of The Wall Street Journal earn a reputation for the most authoritative business writing anywhere -- now fully expanded and revised for the twenty-first century In the field of business, the words you use -- and how you use them -- can either bolster your credibility or undermine your intelligence. For anyone who is faced with the task of writing a memo, report, proposal, press release or even an e-mail, The Wall Street Journal Essential Guide to Business Style and Usage is an invaluable one-stop resource. Originally intended exclusively for use by the paper's staff, the book is organized in a user-friendly A to Z format, with appropriate cross-referencing, that helps you solve almost any question of spelling, grammar, punctuation or word definition. For those seeking a competitive edge for succeeding in the world of business, The Wall Street Journal Essential Guide to Business Style and Usage is the definitive reference to keep close to your desk -- the last word for everyone who works with words. |
| is grand jury capitalized: Transitioning from Student to Professional Court Reporter Pam Gwin Coder, 2009-12 Have you ever wondered what to do in situations that happen during various proceedings from hearings to depositions? What beginning and end pages do you use? What do you do with the exhibits? When you're a new reporter, especially, you may be terrified if something out of the ordinary happens. This book attempts to provide answers to questions I receive frequently from court reporters about a variety of topics from how to correctly fill out a jobsheet to how to handle a particular type of situation to where to find information on something. This is a how-to manual for new and old reporters alike. Watch for an upcoming summer of 2010 workshop near you. |
| is grand jury capitalized: Style Manual United States. Government Printing Office, 1959 |
| is grand jury capitalized: Correct English , 1917 |
| is grand jury capitalized: An English Guide for Court Reporters Lillian I. Morson, 1974 |
| is grand jury capitalized: Handbook for federal grand jurors , 2003 |
| is grand jury capitalized: Taking Matters into Our Own Hands Christopher Signil, 2016-06-30 Taking Matters into Our Own Hands is the decision of activists, leaders, politicians, clergy, and concerned citizens to use their influence to its highest potential, in both conventional and nonconventional measures, to shine a light on unjust beatings and homicides of unarmed African Americans. Violence permeates our society, but when that violence comes at the hands of those charged with protecting us and upholding the law, public trust is shattered, and the rights to which every citizen is entitled are called into question. We must let the perpetrators of these unjust beatings and homicides know that a foundation built on lies and cover-ups cannot stand. This is not the idea of engaging in unlawful, divisive forms of protest or rhetoric, but rather coming to the conclusion that you are the agent of change that you want to see—that all individuals are qualified to use their voices, their cell phones, their social media, their music, their resources, their legal minds, their political connections, their creative ability, their God-given talents, whatever they may be, to let the world know that this unjust killing must come to an end! |
| is grand jury capitalized: Representation of Witnesses Before Federal Grand Juries National Lawyers Guild. Grand Jury Defense Project, 1976 |
| is grand jury capitalized: Correct English and Current Literary Review ... , 1917 |
| is grand jury capitalized: The Complete Bill of Rights Neil H. Cogan, Aviel Pret, David Lindsay Adams, Theresa Lynn Harvey, 2015 The fundamental, inalienable rights and privileges set forth in the Bill of Rights represent the very foundations of American liberty. The Complete Bill of Rights is a documentary record of the process by which these rights and privileges were defined and recorded as law. Now in its second edition, The Complete Bill of Rights contains double the content featured in the first edition. This new edition includes all the background texts for the origins and debate of the ratification of the Bill of Rights and presents them clause by clause in a complete, accurate, and accessible format. Arranged in chronological order, the work presents each clause in its finished form, and traces its development from its proposal through drafting through adoption. Cogan presents every draft of the text and every documentary source, including state convention proposals, state, colonial, and English constitutional texts, sources in caselaw and treatises, and State and Colonial statutory and decisional law. He includes data from diaries and correspondence, pamphlets and newspapers, as well as the Congressional and State debates, including the correspondence of George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, and John Adams among many others who debated the issues that the Supreme Court considers law today. The book also contains each version of the drafts from the manuscript collections of the National Archives and Library of Congress. The result is the most detailed and useful record of the debate over the Bill of Rights available. This first new edition since 1997 substantially expands on the previous edition, providing the same invaluable texts for two fundamental protections of liberty found in the Constitution of 1789 (though not in the Bill of Rights): the protections under habeas corpus and the privileges and immunities clauses. Each chapter expands the background discussion of rights, and provides pertinent texts in contemporary legal dictionaries to meet the increasing interest of federal and state courts in additional sources for interpretation. The second edition also provides a chapter-by-chapter discussion of rights by treatise and abridgement writers in addition to Blackstone. Finally, all margin notes and footnotes in the dictionaries and treatises are included, so the reader has access to the totality of the original statues and case law upon which the drafters relied. The Complete Bill of Rights is the only comprehensive collection of texts essential to understanding the Bill of Rights. Organized in an accessible and practical manner, it is an invaluable tool for law students, judges, lawyers, and law clerks, as well as scholars of the law, history, and political science. |
| is grand jury capitalized: Model Rules of Professional Conduct American Bar Association. House of Delegates, Center for Professional Responsibility (American Bar Association), 2007 The Model Rules of Professional Conduct provides an up-to-date resource for information on legal ethics. Federal, state and local courts in all jurisdictions look to the Rules for guidance in solving lawyer malpractice cases, disciplinary actions, disqualification issues, sanctions questions and much more. In this volume, black-letter Rules of Professional Conduct are followed by numbered Comments that explain each Rule's purpose and provide suggestions for its practical application. The Rules will help you identify proper conduct in a variety of given situations, review those instances where discretionary action is possible, and define the nature of the relationship between you and your clients, colleagues and the courts. |
| is grand jury capitalized: Under Oath Margaret McLean, 2012-04-24 The code of silence remains sacred in Charlestown, one of the most historic yet insular neighborhoods of Boston. Gangster Billy Malone stand accused of killing Trevor Shea, a suspected FBI informant, with a potent dose of heroin. Prosecutor Annie Fitzgerald must crack the infamous code of silence and battle seasoned criminal defense attorney Buddy Clancy, who unleashes reasonable doubt with his penetrating cross-examinations. The trial explodes into a high-energy race to justice when Annie's chief witness is killed, jurors defy their instructions, and FBI cover-ups obscure the truth. While the jurors are deliberating, Annie discovers incriminating evidence against the Malones. Time is of the essence...but will justice prevail? Former prosecutor Margaret McLean combines the best of John Grisham's legal thrillers and Dennis Lehane's Boston crime novels in Under Oath. At the Publisher's request, this title is being sold without Digital Rights Management Software (DRM) applied. |
| is grand jury capitalized: Jury Duty Michael Singer, 2012-07-06 Written by a legal scholar for the general reader, this book demystifies the institution of the jury and validates its political power, providing valuable insights for the more than 30 million Americans who receive a jury summons each year. Jury Duty: Reclaiming Your Political Power and Taking Responsibility presents an accessible account of the origins and development of the jury system as well as a comprehensive, stage-by-stage description of a jury trial and of the sentencing procedure in a criminal trial. The work also provides a unique estimate of the cost of the jury system, which is particularly relevant in this continuing era of budget constraints. Rejecting the justifications usually given for the jury system, the work explains how the political roles of the jury constitute the chief value of the jury system. The basis of these political roles is the unquestionable power of the jury to acquit even a guilty criminal defendant, which allows juries to prevent the enforcement of unjust laws and the imposition of unjust punishments. Accordingly, the book challenges a range of practices that the judiciary has developed to obstruct the jury's exercise of this power. Most people—even including many lawyers—remain unaware of these practices, but they undermine the value of the jury system to our society. Finally, the book offers an original, thought-provoking analysis of the responsibilities imposed on criminal trial jurors in cases of compelling injustice. |
| is grand jury capitalized: Starr Benjamin Wittes, 2002-01-01 This book is a serious, impartial effort to evaluate and critique Kenneth Starr's tenure as independent counsel. Relying on revealing interviews with Starr and many other players in Clinton-era Washington, the book arrives at a new understanding of Starr and the part he played in one of American history's most enthralling public sagas. It offers a deeply considered portrait of a decent man who fundamentally misconstrued his function under the independent counsel law. Starr took his task to be ferreting out and reporting the truth about official misconduct, a well-intentioned but nevertheless misguided distortion of the law, the book argues. |
| is grand jury capitalized: Paint, Oil and Drug Review , 1896 |
| is grand jury capitalized: United States Government Printing Office Style Manual United States. Government Printing Office, 1959 |
| is grand jury capitalized: Garner's Dictionary of Legal Usage Bryan A. Garner, 2011 A comprehensive guide to legal style and usage, with practical advice on how to write clear, jargon-free legal prose. Includes style tips as well as definitions. |
| is grand jury capitalized: Paint, Oil and Chemical Review ... , 1896 |
| is grand jury capitalized: Congressional Record United States. Congress, 1967 The Congressional Record is the official record of the proceedings and debates of the United States Congress. It is published daily when Congress is in session. The Congressional Record began publication in 1873. Debates for sessions prior to 1873 are recorded in The Debates and Proceedings in the Congress of the United States (1789-1824), the Register of Debates in Congress (1824-1837), and the Congressional Globe (1833-1873) |
| is grand jury capitalized: Frontier Boosters Elaine Naylor, 2014-04 A social history of boosterism, class, and race on the North American frontier. |
| is grand jury capitalized: The Chickenshit Club Jesse Eisinger, 2017-07-11 Why were no bankers put in prison after the financial crisis of 2008? Why do CEOs seem to commit wrongdoing with impunity? The problem goes beyond banks deemed Too Big to Fail to almost every large corporation in America--to pharmaceutical companies and auto manufacturers and beyond. [This book]--an inside reference to prosecutors too scared of failure and too daunted by legal impediments to do their jobs--explains why--Amazon.com. |
| is grand jury capitalized: Scandal! Alison Dagnes, Mark Sachleben, 2013-12-05 There are many types of political scandals: sex, corruption, and election scandals are but a few. Political scandals are public events that have tremendous consequence on citizenry and can undermine democratic institutions-when we pay attention to scandal, we risk ignoring weightier matters. This volume brings together an array of academics to explore the impact of political scandals. What makes this book different from others is the wide spectrum of perspectives brought together to help analyze a single subject. |
| is grand jury capitalized: Hearings Held Before the Special Committee on the Investigation of the American Sugar Refining Co United States. Congress. House. Special Committee on Investigation of American Sugar Refining Company, 1911 |
| is grand jury capitalized: Money Laundering John Madinger, 2006-04-27 Many of the techniques that drug traffickers and organized crime figures use to launder money are also employed by terrorist groups - as those involved in investigating the attacks of September 11, 2001 soon discovered. These techniques and their perpetrators have grown in number and sophistication, creating an urgent need for investigators to develop strategies that will help keep them one step ahead of the game. Authoritative and accessible, Money Laundering: A Guide for Criminal Investigators, Second Edition is based on the author's extensive experience in law enforcement. It provides a clear understanding of money laundering practices and explains the investigative and legislative processes that are essential in detecting and circumventing this illegal and ultimately dangerous activity. In addition to being an informative and straightforward resource for those investigating complex narcotics cases or other cases in which there is a financial component, this new edition addresses techniques used to track down the money trail of terrorists who are highly motivated, well-trained, organized, disciplined - and well-funded. What's New in the Second Edition: þ Explains money laundering provisions under the U.S. Patriot Act þ Explains how the changes in federal forfeiture law affect existing money laundering law þ Clarifies current legislation and how it affects money laundering investigation þ Outlines the basics as well as the emerging trends of terrorist financing þ Includes two new chapters on the investigation of terrorist activities |
| is grand jury capitalized: Hearings Held Before the Special Committee on the Investigation of the American Sugar Refining Co: June 12-16, 19-24 and 26, 1911 United States. Congress. House. Special Committee on Investigation of American Sugar Refining Company, 1911 |
| is grand jury capitalized: Norman Hall's Police Exam Preparation Book Norman Hall, 2003-04 Annotation Guaranteed methods to score 80% to 100% or your money back. |
| is grand jury capitalized: The History of Tammany Hall Gustavus Myers, 2020-08-16 Reproduction of the original: The History of Tammany Hall by Gustavus Myers |
| is grand jury capitalized: Audacious Scoundrels Steven L. Piott, 2021-05-01 During the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth century a growing number of ordinary citizens had the feeling that all was not as it should be. Men who were making money made prodigious amounts, but this new wealth somehow passed over the heads of the common people. As this new breed of journalists began to examine their subjects with scrutiny, they soon discovered that those individuals were essentially “simple men of extraordinary boldness.” And it was easy to understand how they were able to accomplish their sinister purposes: “at first abruptly and bluntly, by asking and giving no quarter, and later with the same old determination and ruthlessness but with educated satellites who were glad to explain and idealize their behavior.”[i] “Nothing is lost save honor,” said one infamous buccaneer, and that was an attitude that governed the amoral principles and extralegal actions of many audacious scoundrels. Relying on secondary sources, magazine and newspaper articles, and personal accounts from those involved, this volume captures some of the sensational true stories that took place in the western United States during the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth century. The theme that runs through each of the stories is the general contempt for the law that seemed to pervade the culture at the time and the consuming desire to acquire wealth at any cost—what Geoffrey C. Ward has called “the disposition to be rich.” End Notes Introduction [i]Louis Filler, Crusaders for American Liberalism (Yellow Springs, OH: Antioch Press, 1964), 14. |
| is grand jury capitalized: Set the Night on Fire Mike Davis, Jon Wiener, 2020-04-14 Histories of the US sixties invariably focus on New York City, but Los Angeles was an epicenter of that decade's political and social earthquake. L.A. was a launchpad for Black Power-where Malcolm X and Angela Davis first came to prominence and the Watts uprising shook the nation-and home to the Chicano walkouts and Moratorium, as well as birthplace of 'Asian America' as a political identity, base of the antiwar movement, and of course, centre of California counterculture. Mike Davis and Jon Wiener provide the first comprehensive movement history of L.A. in the sixties, drawing on extensive archival research, scores of interviews with principal figures of the 1960s movements, and personal histories (both Davis and Wiener are native Los Angelenos). Following on from Davis's award-winning L.A. history, City of Quartz, Set the Night on Fire is a fascinating historical corrective, delivered in scintillating and fiercely elegant prose. |
| is grand jury capitalized: The State Trials and the Politics of Justice in Later Stuart England Brian Cowan, Scott Sowerby, 2021 The book discusses the 'state trial' as a legal process, a public spectacle, and a point of political conflict - a key part of how constitutional monarchy became constitutional.State trials provided some of the leading media events of later Stuart England. The more important of these trials attracted substantial public attention, serving as pivot points in the relationship between the state and its subjects. Later Stuart England has been known among legal historians for a series of key cases in which juries asserted their independence from judges. In political history, the government's sometimes shaky control over political trials in this period has long been taken as a sign of the waning power of the Crown. This book revisits the process by which the 'state trial' emerged as a legal proceeding, a public spectacle, a point of political conflict, and ultimately, a new literary genre. It investigates the trials as events, as texts, and as moments in the creation of historical memory. By the early nineteenth century, the publication and republication of accounts of the state trials had become a standard part of the way in which modern Britons imagined how their constitutional monarchy had superseded the absolutist pretensions of the Stuart monarchs. This book explores how the later Stuart state trials helped to create that world.tury, the publication and republication of accounts of the state trials had become a standard part of the way in which modern Britons imagined how their constitutional monarchy had superseded the absolutist pretensions of the Stuart monarchs. This book explores how the later Stuart state trials helped to create that world.tury, the publication and republication of accounts of the state trials had become a standard part of the way in which modern Britons imagined how their constitutional monarchy had superseded the absolutist pretensions of the Stuart monarchs. This book explores how the later Stuart state trials helped to create that world.tury, the publication and republication of accounts of the state trials had become a standard part of the way in which modern Britons imagined how their constitutional monarchy had superseded the absolutist pretensions of the Stuart monarchs. This book explores how the later Stuart state trials helped to create that world. |
| is grand jury capitalized: Business Law Robert W. Emerson, 2024-12-03 Titles in Barron’s Business Review series are widely used as classroom supplements to college textbooks and often serve as a main textbook in business brush-up programs. Business Law, Seventh Edition focuses on the importance of legal theory in the everyday business world, explaining such subjects as tort responsibility, government regulations, contracts, environmental law, product liability, consumer protection, and international law, among many other topics. Also discussed in detail are the legal aspects of partnerships, franchises, and corporations, as well as special topics that include business crimes, property as a legal concept, intellectual property, and similar pertinent topics. A study aid labeled Key Terms appears at the beginning of each chapter, and You Should Remember summaries are strategically interspersed throughout the text. |
| is grand jury capitalized: All Hell Broke Loose Ann V. Collins, 2012-05-01 The United States has a troubling history of violence regarding race. This book explores the emotionally charged conditions and factors that incited the eruption of race riots in America between the Progressive Era and World War II. While racially motivated riot violence certainly existed in the United States both before and after the Progressive Era through World War II, a thorough account of race riots during this particular time span has never been published. All Hell Broke Loose fills a long-neglected gap in the literature by addressing a dark and embarrassing time in our country's history—one that warrants continued study in light of how race relations continue to play an enormous role in the social fabric of our nation. Author Ann V. Collins identifies and evaluates the existing conditions and contributing factors that sparked the race riots during the period spanning the Progressive Era to World War II throughout America. Through the lens of specific riots, Collins provides an overarching analysis of how cultural factors and economic change intersected with political influences to shape human actions—on both individual and group levels. |
| is grand jury capitalized: Basic Transcription, with Rules for Punctuation and Capitalization Paul C. Ickes, 1945 |
| is grand jury capitalized: Regional Information Sharing Systems United States. Congress. House. Committee on Government Operations. Government Information, Justice, and Agriculture Subcommittee, 1985 |
| is grand jury capitalized: The New York Times Manual of Style and Usage, 5th Edition Allan M. Siegal, William Connolly, 2015-09-29 The premier source for journalists, now revised and updated for 2015. Does the White House tweet? Or does the White House post on Twitter? Can text be a verb and also a noun? When should you link? For anyone who writes--short stories or business plans, book reports or news articles--knotty choices of spelling, grammar, punctuation and meaning lurk in every line: Lay or lie? Who or whom? That or which? Is Band-Aid still a trademark? It's enough to send you in search of a Martini. (Or is that a martini?) Now everyone can find answers to these and thousands of other questions in the handy alphabetical guide used by the writers and editors of the world's most authoritative news organization. The guidelines to hyphenation, punctuation, capitalization and spelling are crisp and compact, created for instant reference in the rush of daily deadlines. The 2015 edition is a revised and condensed version of the classic guide, updated with solutions to problems that plague writers in the Internet age: · How to cite links and blogs · How to handle tweets, hashtags and other social-media content · How to use current terms like “transgender,” or to choose thoughtfully between same-sex marriage and gay marriage With wry wit, the authors have created an essential and entertaining reference tool. |
| is grand jury capitalized: Annual Report of the Attorney General of the United States United States. Department of Justice, |
| is grand jury capitalized: Shadow Bob Woodward, 1999-06-16 Twenty-five years ago, after Richard Nixon resigned the presidency, Gerald Ford promised a return to normalcy. My fellow Americans, our long national nightmare is over, President Ford declared. But it was not. The Watergate scandal, and the remedies against future abuses of power, would have an enduring impact on presidents and the country. In Shadow, Bob Woodward takes us deep into the administrations of Ford, Carter, Reagan, Bush and Clinton to describe how each discovered that the presidency was forever altered. With special emphasis on the human toll, Woodward shows the consequences of the new ethics laws, and the emboldened Congress and media. Powerful investigations increasingly stripped away the privacy and protections once expected by the nation's chief executive. Using presidential documents, diaries, prosecutorial records and hundreds of interviews with firsthand witnesses, Woodward chronicles how all five men failed first to understand and then to manage the inquisitorial environment. The mood was mean, Gerald Ford says. Woodward explains how Ford believed he had been offered a deal to pardon Nixon, then clumsily rejected it and later withheld all the details from Congress and the public, leaving lasting suspicions that compromised his years in the White House. Jimmy Carter used Watergate to win an election, and then watched in bewilderment as the rules of strict accountability engulfed his budget director, Bert Lance, and challenged his own credibility. From his public pronouncements to the Iranian hostage crisis, Carter never found the decisive, healing style of leadership the first elected post-Watergate president had promised. Woodward also provides the first behind-the-scenes account of how President Reagan and a special team of more than 60 attorneys and archivists beat Iran-contra. They turned the Reagan White House and United States intelligence agencies upside down investigating the president with orders to disclose any incriminating information they found. A fresh portrait of an engaged Reagan emerges as he realizes his presidency is in peril and attempts to prove his innocence. In Shadow, a bitter and disoriented President Bush routinely pours out his anger at the permanent scandal culture to his personal diary as a dozen investigations touch some of those closest to him. At one point, Bush pounds a plastic mallet on his Oval Office desk because of the continuing investigation of Iran-contra Independent Counsel Lawrence Walsh. Take that, Walsh! he shouts. I'd like to get rid of this guy. Woodward also reveals why Bush avoided telling one of the remaining secrets of the Gulf War. The second half of Shadow focuses on President Clinton's scandals. Woodward shows how and why Independent Counsel Kenneth Starr's investigation became a state of permanent war with the Clintons. He reveals who Clinton really feared in the Paula Jones case, and the behind-the-scenes maneuvering and ruthless, cynical legal strategies to protect the Clintons. Shadow also describes how impeachment affected Clinton's war decisions and scarred his life, his marriage and his presidency. How can I go on? First Lady Hillary Clinton asked in 1996, when she was under scrutiny by Starr and the media, two years before the Lewinsky scandal broke. How can I? Shadow is an authoritative, unsettling narrative of the modern, beleaguered presidency. |
| is grand jury capitalized: Hearings, Reports and Prints of the Senate Committee on the Judiciary United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary, 1976 |
| is grand jury capitalized: Louis Patrick Gray III United States. Congress. Senate. Judiciary, 1973 |
